Soul Cakes for Samhain

Posted by Jessica Jewett 1 Comment »
Samhain is probably one of those holidays that most people don’t even realize is vastly Pagan in tradition. The evolution of Halloween is one of the clearest routes of insight into the merging of Pagan traditions with other traditions throughout the world, especially Christianity. As I have been helping people see what a Samhain feast could be like, I find myself getting tangled in more modern Halloween party websites. The lines between Samhain and Halloween are very blurred.

For more information about Samhain, please refer to my blog called, “Samhain, the witches’ new year” posted on October 17, 2011.

Soul cakes were traditionally baked as a gift for the spirits of the dead. In many European countries, the idea of “Souling” became an acceptable alternative for Christians. The cakes took many different names and shapes — in some areas, they were simple shortbread, and in others they were baked as fruit-filled tarts. Still other regions made them of rice flour. Generally, a soul cake was made with whatever grain the community had available. You can make your own with one of these four simple recipes.

Soul cakes are the ancestors of trick-or-treat candy stops. Beggars were given these cakes with prayers for their departed loved ones. In essence, one cake saved one soul. They were also given to costumed entertainers who were called mummers. This is where wearing costumes on Halloween for treats comes into play. It’s a good idea to keep soul cakes on hand during the Samhain season because, as we give sustenance to people we encounter, we are providing them with food to get through the dark months and we must think of the deaths of people as well as the natural death of the earth in winter. Give your loved ones and friends a soul cake. As you do, bless their ancestors and wish their departed souls peace.

There are dozens of soul cake recipes out there but here are some that are easy.

Pie Crust Soul Cakes

You’ll need:

A refrigerated roll-out pie crust
2 Tbs. melted butter
1 C mixed dried fruit
2 Tbs honey

Roll out the pie crust and cut it into circles. Use the circles to line a tin of muffin cups. Mix the butter, fruit and honey together. Scoop the fruit mixture into the pastry shells, and then bake for 15 minutes at 375 degrees. Allow to cool for about ten minutes before eating.

Quickie Shortbread Soul Cakes

You’ll need:

1 stick of butter, softened
4 Tbs sugar
1 1/2 C flour

Cream together the butter and sugar. Use a flour sifter to add the flour to the bowl, and mix until it’s smooth. Divide the dough into two parts, and shape each half into a flat circle about half an inch thick. Put them on an ungreased baking sheet (baking stones are really nice for this) and poke lines with the tines of a fork, making eight separate wedges in each cake. Bake for 25 minutes or until light brown at 350 degrees.

Buttery Soul Cakes

You’ll need:

Two sticks butter, softened
3 1/2 C flour, sifted
1 C sugar
1/2 tsp. nutmeg & saffron
1 tsp each cinnamon & allspice
2 eggs
2 tsp malt vinegar
Powdered sugar

Cut the butter into the flour with a large fork. Mix in the sugar, nutmeg, saffron, cinammon and allspice. Lightly beat eggs, and add to flour mixture. Add malt vinegar. Mix until you have a stiff dough. Knead for a while, then roll out until 1/4″ thick. Use a floured glass to cut out 3″ circles. Place on greased baking sheet and bake 25 minutes at 350 degrees. Sprinkle with powdered sugar while the cakes are still warm.

Irish Cakes

You’ll need:

4 C flour
1 pkt active dry yeast
1 C milk
2 Tbs butter
1/2 tsp each cinnamon & salt
3/4 C sugar
1/2 C lemon zest
1 1/4 C golden raisins

Cream yeast with 1 tsp sugar & 1 tsp milk, let it get frothy. Blend flour, spices, & salt together, then cut in butter. Add the rest of the sugar to the flour mix and blend. Add milk & beaten egg onto the yeast mixture; combine with flour mixture. Beat until stiff. Fold in raisins and zest, cover with a damp cloth and let rise. Divide in two, place each half in greased 7″ round pan. Cover, let rise again for 30 minutes. Bake 1 hour at 400 degrees.

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Samhain, the witches’ new year

Posted by Jessica Jewett No Comments »
October 31 — Samhain Eve

Also known as: November Eve, Feast of the Dead, Feast of Apples, Hallows and All Hallows Eve.

Possibly the biggest festival of the Witches’ year, Samhain is a time to remember those who have passed on, celebrate the Summers end, and prepare for Winter months ahead. The Sun God and earth fall into slumber, as the nights lengthen, and winter begins.

The last day of October marked the end of the Celtic Old Year and the beginning of the New. This time was considered by the Celts and many Craft traditions to be a “crack between the worlds.” As time passed between one year and another, it belonged to neither, standing beyond the confines of normal reality. It was believed to be the one night when the veil that separated our world from the next was at its thinnest, allowing the dead to return to the world of the living, where their spirit and memory would be welcomed and celebrated by a feast attended by their kin.

The Feast of The Dead, or Festival of The Dead, was a festival of remembrance, honoring those who had left this world. On this night, the deceased were believed to make their way back from the grave to revisit their old homes. In many areas, on the eve of Samhain, people would leave their houses lit throughout the night to help the dead find their way along the dark path from the tomb. And once these travelers arrived, they were welcomed and refreshed with food and drink. Many prepared a feast, and set a plate at the table to for their dead relatives. On the eve of November 1, or on the morning of the following day, the custom in parts of Europe was to bake “soul cakes” or “soul bread” for those returning souls. In Wales, special food was prepared and left outside, and before everyone went to bed, the hearth was carefully prepared for the arrival of the dead relatives. Tradition also teaches that the aid of spirits and guides from the other world was easily enlisted at this time, so in the increasing moonlight of longer nights, many used this time to hone their psychic and divinatory skills, especially with regard to love and marriage.

The Christian religion has adopted this day as All Saints Day, or All Hallows Day, celebrating the eve as All Hallows Eve, or Halloween. The superstition and misconception linked to this celebration by the early church, led people to take some unusual precautions to protect themselves. They adopted the tradition of dressing in frightening costumes or disguises, and displaying scary looking Jack-O-Lanterns to help protect them from spirits they considered to be evil. In the British Isles, the young people would disguise themselves with hideous masks and walk through the village, lighting their way with lanterns made from carved turnips.

However you choose to celebrate Samhain, be adventurous and investigate some of the older traditions… There is a large amount of interesting and sometimes comical lore surrounding this date. It’s O.K. to dress up as Witches’ or Goblins and have fun with the more nonsense aspects of this holiday. However, it’s good to set aside some time to learn the true meaning behind this date and follow those observances as our ancestors did.

The alternative date of November 6th (‘Martinmas’ or ‘Old Hallows’) is sometimes employed by Covens.

Traditional Foods:
Apples, Pears, Pomegranates, All Grains, Pumpkin-pie, Hazelnuts, Cakes for the dead, Corn, Cranberry muffins and breads, Ale, Cider, Herbal teas (especially Mugwort) and Meat unless vegetarian and then tofu will do.

Herbs:
Calendula, Cosmos, Chrysanthemum, Wormwood, Hazel, Thistle.

Incense:
Mint, Heliotrope, Nutmeg, Sage or Floral’s.

Woods and Herbs Burned:
Apple, Heliotrope, Mint, Nutmeg, Sage.

Sacred Gemstone:
Aquamarine.

For further information on rites and rituals to celebrate this holiday, see the following books:

A guide for the solitary practitioner by Scott Cunningham.
Everyday Wicca by Gerina Dunwich.
To Ride A Silver Broomstick by Silver Ravenwolf.
Celtic Magic by D.J. Conway

Blessed Be!*

A Prayer for the Final Harvest

Corn has been shucked,
grain has been threshed,
herbs have been hung to dry.
Grapes have been pressed,
potatoes have been dug,
beans have been shelled and canned.
It is the harvest season,
and food is ready for winter.
We will eat, and we will live,
and we will be grateful.

Kids Prayer for Samhain

Samhain is here, cold is the earth,
as we celebrate the cycle of death and rebirth.
Tonight we speak to those through the veil,
the lines between worlds are thin and frail.

Ghosts and spirits in the night,
magical beings rising in flight,
owls hooting up in a moonlit tree,
I don’t fear you and you don’t fear me.

As the sun goes down, far to the west,
my ancestors watch over me as I rest.
They keep me safe and without fear,
on the night of Samhain, the Witch’s New Year.

A Prayer to the Ancestors

This is the night when the gateway between
our world and the spirit world is thinnest.
Tonight is a night to call out those who came before.
Tonight I honor my ancestors.
Spirits of my fathers and mothers, I call to you,
and welcome you to join me for this night.
You watch over me always,
protecting and guiding me,
and tonight I thank you.
Your blood runs in my veins,
your spirit is in my heart,
your memories are in my soul.
[If you wish, you may want to recite your genealogy here. This can include both your blood family, and your spiritual one.]

With the gift of remembrance.
I remember all of you.
You are dead but never forgotten,
and you live on within me,
and within those who are yet to come.

Prayer to the Deities of Death

The harvest has ended, and the fields are bare.
The earth has grown cold, and the land is empty.
The gods of the death are lingering over us,
keeping a watchful eye upon the living.
They wait, patiently, for eternity is theirs.

Hail to you, Anubis! O jackal headed one,
guardian of the realm of the dead.
When my time comes, I hope
you may deem me worthy.

Hail to you, Demeter! O mother of darkness,
May your grief be abated
when your daughter returns once more.

Hail to you, Hecate! O keeper of the gate,
between this world and the underworld.
I ask that when I cross over,
you may guide me with wisdom.

Hail to you, Freya! O mistress of Folkvangr,
guardian of those who fall in battle.
Keep the souls of my ancestors with you.

Hail to you, O gods and goddesses,
those of you who guard the underworld
and guide the dead on their final journey.
At this time of cold and dark,
I honor you, and ask that you watch over me,
and protect me when the day arrives
that I take my final journey.

Samhain Chant

A year of beauty. A year of plenty. A year of planting. A year of harvest.
A year of forests. A year of healing. A year of vision. A year of passion.
A year of rebirth. A year of rebirth. This year may we renew the earth.
Let it begin with each step we take. Let it begin with each change we make.
Let it begin with each chain we break. And let it begin every time we awake.

*Copyright © 1997-99 Akasha, Herne and The Celtic Connection wicca.com. All rights reserved.

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Planning a Mabon feast

Posted by Jessica Jewett No Comments »

>These are technically Pagan recipes but they really could be enjoyed by anyone. We eat these things at Mabon, which is the fall equinox, typically between September 20 and 23. I don’t see any reason why they could not be enjoyed throughout the fall season all the way through Samhain (Halloween) to Yule (December 19-22).

Mabon is sort of known as the “Pagan Thanksgiving” since the tradition of a fall harvest feast carries through both holidays. The symbolic foods of Mabon are breads, nuts, apples, pomegranates, and vegetables such as potatoes, carrots, and onions. Meat prepared for the Mabon feast would typically be goose, mutton or pork, but beef is acceptible as well, as long as it’s prepared with other traditional Mabon things. For this feast, I offered a pot roast main dish and a roasted goose main dish for those who like something like that.

Obviously a feast like this is not meant for one person. Consider having a fall party based around eating, drinking, reflecting on blessings and the change of the season. Decorate in the traditional Mabon colors of red, orange, russet, maroon, purple, brown and gold. Bust out the Dark Mother Bread, spiced apple butter, wines and beer from the other Mabon blogs as well. Even if you are not Pagan, you can still use the change of season for a reason to get together with your loved ones and feast and be merry. We do it at Thanksgiving, so we can do it at other times too.

Please refer to this blog for information about Mabon in general: http://jessicajewettonline.blogspot.com/2011/09/mabon-sabbat-of-fall-equinox.html

Hot Apple Cider

Prep time: 5 minutes
Cook time: 10 minutes
Serves 6.

Ingredients
    6 cups apple cider
    1/4 cup real maple syrup
    2 cinnamon sticks
    6 whole cloves
    6 whole allspice berries
    1 orange peel, cut into strips
    1 lemon peel, cut into strips

Pour the apple cider and maple syrup into a large stainless steel saucepan. Place the cinnamon sticks, cloves, allspice berries, orange peel and lemon peel in the center of a washed square of cheesecloth; fold up the sides of the cheesecloth to enclose the bundle, then tie it up with a length of kitchen string. Drop the spice bundle into the cider mixture. Place the saucepan over moderate heat for 5 to 10 minutes, or until the cider is very hot but not boiling. Remove the cider from the heat. Discard the spice bundle. Ladle the cider into big cups or mugs, adding a fresh cinnamon stick to each serving if desired.

Harvest Pot Roast With Vegetables

This is a tender slow cooker pot roast with a flavorful homemade gravy. If you don’t care for rutabaga, use turnips or more potatoes and carrots. I used a boneless beef chuck roast, but any boneless pot roast cut will work.

Ingredients
    6 slices bacon, halved crosswise
    2 pounds red skinned or Yukon gold potatoes, peeled and cut in 2-inch pieces
    1 small rutabaga, cut in 2-inch pieces
    4 to 6 carrots, peeled, cut in 2-inch lengths, halved lengthwise
    Salt and pepper
    1 teaspoon dried leaf thyme, divided
    1 boneless beef chuck roast, about 3 pounds
    1 bag, about 16 ounces, frozen small white onions
    8 ounces mushrooms, scrubbed and left whole, halved if large
    1 1/2 cups beef broth
    3 tablespoons tomato paste
    2 tablespoons flour
    2 to 3 tablespoons cold water

Preparation:

Place bacon over the bottom of the crockpot. Arrange potatoes, rutabaga, and carrots over the bacon. Sprinkle lightly with salt, pepper, and half of the thyme. Place the pot roast on the vegetables, then add onions, and mushrooms over and around the roast. Sprinkle lightly with salt, pepper, and the remaining thyme. Combine beef broth and tomato paste; pour over the pot roast. Cover and cook on LOW for 8 to 10 hours.

Remove the pot roast to a warm platter. With a slotted spoon, remove vegetables and arrange around the roast. Cover and keep warm. Separate fat and broth using a fat separator, or skim fat off the top of the broth; discard fat. Put the broth in a saucepan and bring to a boil; reduce heat to medium and simmer for 5 minutes.

In a cup of small bowl, whisk flour with water until smooth. Whisk the flour mixture into the broth until thickened and bubbly. Serve gravy with the meat and vegetables. Serves 6.

Roast Goose with Stuffing

Prep time: 30 minutes
Cook time: 5 hours 40 minutes
Serves 6.

Ingredients
    10 French bread, cut into cubes
    1 cup dried currants
    4 apples – peeled, cored and sliced
    1 tablespoon dried thyme
    4 tablespoons butter, melted
    1 tablespoon vegetable oil
    1 (10 pound) goose
    1 onion, chopped
    1 carrot, chopped
    1 stalk celery, chopped
    1 clove garlic, minced
    1 bay leaf
    3 whole cloves
    1 sprig fresh thyme
    1 sprig fresh marjoram
    1/4 cup white wine
    1 teaspoon tomato paste
    1 (10.5 ounce) can condensed chicken broth
    1 tablespoon cornstarch
    1/4 cup water
    salt to taste
    ground black pepper to taste

Directions

In a large bowl, combine bread, currants, apples, crumbled thyme, salt, pepper, and melted butter or margarine.

Wash goose inside and out. Pat dry. Stuff, truss, and tie goose. Prick bird all over with fork. Heat oil in roasting pan on top of stove. Brown goose lightly on all sides, then drain off pan drippings. Set goose breast side up in roasting pan. Add a little water, cover, and roast at 375 degrees F (190 degrees C) for one hour. Discard fat from roasting pan.

In a mixing bowl, combine chopped onion, carrot, celery, garlic, bay leaf, cloves, fresh thyme and marjoram, and sprinkle around the goose. Continue roasting uncovered for 20 to 25 minutes per pound, draining off fat at intervals. Add more water as required. Transfer cooked goose to platter, and keep warm by covering loosely with foil.

Skim off remaining fat in pan, and heat drippings and vegetables on top of stove until mixture is reduced. Stir in white wine, tomato paste, and chicken broth. Simmer for 10 to 15 minutes, then strain gravy. If necessary, add a little cornstarch mixed with water to thicken gravy.

Garlic-Roasted Red Potatoes & Greens

Ingredients
2 pounds Red-Skinned Potatoes, sliced
6 large Cloves Garlic, sliced lengthwise
1/3 cup Extra-Virgin Olive Oil
3 Tablespoons Wine Vinegar
Salt
Pepper
4 cups Watercress Sprigs, rinsed
2 Tablespoons Chives, chopped

Mix potatoes, garlic and oil in a 10 x 15″ rimmed pan. Bake at 450 degrees until well browned, about 1 1/4 hours. Turn vegetables with a wide spatula every 10-15 minutes. Pour vinegar into pan, scraping with spatula to release browned bits and to mix with potatoes. Add salt and pepper to taste. Pour potatoes into a wide, shallow bowl. Chop half the watercress and mix with potatoes. Tuck remaining watercress around potatoes and sprinkle with chives.

Butternut Squash Soup

Prep time: 15 minutes
Cook time: 45 minutes

Ingredients
    3 tablespoons butter
    1-1/2 small onion, chopped
    1-1/2 stalks celery, chopped
    1-1/2 medium carrot, chopped
    3 medium potatoes, cubed
    1-1/2 medium butternut squash – peeled, seeded, and cubed
    1-1/2 (32 fluid ounce) containers chicken stock
    salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste

Melt the butter in a large pot, and cook the onion, celery, carrot, potatoes, and squash 5 minutes, or until lightly browned. Pour in enough of the chicken stock to cover vegetables. Bring to a boil. Reduce heat to low, cover pot, and simmer 40 minutes, or until all vegetables are tender. Transfer the soup to a blender, and blend until smooth. Return to pot, and mix in any remaining stock to attain desired consistency. Season with salt and pepper.

Harvest Home Rolls

Adapted from allrecipes.com
Makes 9-12 rolls, depending on size

Ingredients
½ cup milk, warmed to 110 F
1 package yeast
¼ cup butter, melted
1 egg, beaten
1/8 sugar
½ – 1 tsp. salt
2 ¼- 2 ½ cups unbleached bread flour ( I used KA), plus extra for dusting
1 tablespoon oil
1 egg, beaten, for egg wash

Bloom the yeast in half the milk. I always add just a pinch of sugar at this stage too, maybe ½ tsp. Wait 15 minutes. Add the rest of the warm milk, melted butter, sugar and salt. Stir to dissolve. Add the beaten egg and stir. Gradually mix in the flour with a wooden spoon. Turn the dough onto a floured surface and knead for about 8 minutes, until the dough makes a satiny ball.

Pour a tablespoon of oil into the bowl. Place the ball of dough into the bowl and turn to coat. Cover with a clean towel and leave in a warm place to rise for about an hour, until doubled in size. After an hour, punch down the dough and let it rise until doubled again, 45-60 minutes. After the dough has risen a second time, lightly oil your hands and pinch off 12 small balls of dough. Do this by squeezing the dough between the thumb and forefinger of your fist.

Place on a parchment-lined baking sheet. Preheat the oven to 350 F. Brush beaten egg on top of each roll before baking. Bake 20-25 minutes, until golden brown. The egg wash will make the tops a nice, golden brown.

Kneading dough is an excellent time to infuse it with your intent. Love? Protection? I find that the time passes more quickly when I sing/chant as I’m kneading. “Hoof and Horn” is a favorite of mine because I feel that bread baking also honors gods of grain and agriculture, as well as the cycle of life. Whatever you serve, make the preparation of the meal part of the ritual. Listen to some special, meditative music. Chant. Light a candle as you cook. Say any words that seem appropriate at the time. It’s up to you. You can knead herbs into the bread dough for extra intent, if desired. For example, rosemary would be appropriate at Samhain for remembrance.

Pomegranate Sorbet

The turning point of the Autumnal Equinox is marked by the harvest. The weather is changing, the days grow short, and a favorite fruit, the sensual ruby-red pomegranate, appears at the fruit stand.

In much of the ancient world, the pomegranate symbolized the Goddess and fertility, a womb with many seeds, and the blood of life in its crimson juice. Use the beautiful pomegranate in an Autumnal Equinox ceremony to honor the Mother. Cut into the pomegranate with an athame with a white handle and tear it open by hand, squeezing the juice out and letting it drip onto the earth, over the fire, or into the cauldron. We recommend you have a pitcher of rose water to cleanse the hands afterwards. The ravaged fruit can be shared by all the participants, then offered to the fire or given back to Mother Earth, depending on your preference.

While performing this rite, say praises to the Goddess, giving thanks for the harvest, our many blessings, and all that is beautiful in the world. Implore the others in the circle to bow their heads and think about what they are thankful for and what they can sacrifice to help heal Mother Earth or spread positive energy to their family, friends, or community.

(The following pomegranate recipe is from Victoria Bearden, who has appeared frequently on national radio and television discussing her visions of the future. One of her more notable predicitions was the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake.)

Serves 4 to 6

Ingredients
2 cups fresh pomegranate juice (see note)
1/3 cup freshly squeezed orange juice or tangelo juice (save rind)
1/2 teaspoon freshly squeezed ginger juice (see note)
1/4 cup sugar
1 orange, mandarin orange, blood orange, or tangelo, sliced, for garnish
Mint leaves, for garnish
1/3 cup fresh pomegranate seeds, for garnish

Mix all the liquid ingredients and sugar in a pan or plastic container that can be covered, airtight, and stored in the freezer. Freeze the juices for approximately 3 hours. When the mixture is frozen, break it up with a spoon or knife. Beat the mixture with a mixer until the chunks are fairly small, but not smooth. Return the mixture to the container and continue to freeze for 4 to 5 hours.

Make long curly citrus and rind strands with a lemon zester or grater. Spoon portions of the sorbet into pretty, chilled glasses (large martini glasses work well). Garnish with the citrus slices, 1 to 2 mint leaves per glass, and pomegranate seeds. Serve immediately because sorbet melts quickly.

Note: For the pomegranate juice, place the seeds in a blender on medium-high speed, then run through a fine strainer and collect the liquid in the container. Fruits vary in size and juice content, so start with one large fruit and see where that leaves you. You may need three or more fruits for 2 cups. Pick pomegranates that are really ripe, with leathery skin and very red, very sweet seeds. This will make a big difference in the flavor of the juice.

For the ginger juice, use a garlic press to extract the juice.

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